Syndicate: \/\ Iannis Xenakis has been translated

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        Iannis Xenakis has been translated. altzo __...




Iannis Xenakis was born in 1922 into a Greek family residing in Braila,
Romania. The sense of being an `ousider' has remained integral to his
identity, as the title of a recently published book of interviews signals:
"il faut <EA>tre constamment un immigr<E9>."Xenakis lost his mother when he was
five years old, then was sent off to boarding school on the Greek island of
Spetsai at age ten. He studied civil engineering at the Athens Polytechnic,
but the German invasion followed by the British occupation drew him into
the Resistance, activities from which he would end up near fatally wounded,
losing one eye, then later condemned to death. Forced to escape his
country, Xenakis ended up in Paris, wanting to study music, but earning a
living working as an engineering assistant for Le Corbusier.
   His creative and intellectual intensity attracted the attention of both
the reknowned architect, who delegated architectural projects to him in
spite of his lack of professional training, and the composer and pedagogue
Olivier Messiaen, who saw in the music he was struggling to produce in
isolation an originality deserving of encouragement. Xenakis had his first
major succ<E8>s du scandale with the premiere of Metastasis at the
Donaueschingen Festival in 1955, and by 1960, he was able to devote himself
entirely to composition.
   Critical of other developments in contemporary music at the time,
dominated by the serialists (`Darmstadt school') such as Pierre Boulez,
Luigi Nono, and Karlheinz Stockhausen, Xenakis followed his own path, aided
by his background in mathematics, engineering and design, and by his
interest in complex sonic phenomena (rainstorms, street demonstrations,
etc.). He incorporated probability theory into his compositional approach,
as a means of generating and controlling large-scale events composed of
massive numbers of individual elements. He also adopted the sonic entity
(texture) as the primary material for the construction of musical form
(rather than themes, or pitch structures).
   For over forty years, Xenakis has created a steady stream of remarkable
works, and his impact on contemporary music has been of crucial importance.
Along with his acoustic works, he has produced a number of important
electroacoustic pieces, and a series of multimedia creations involving
sound, light, movement, and architecture (polytopes). In the domain of
computer music, Xenakis was a pioneer in the area of algorithmic
composition, and has also developed an approach to digital synthesis based
on random generation and variation of the waveform itself. In addition, he
designed a computer system utilizing a graphic interface (the UPIC), which
has proven to be a liberating, provocative pedagogical tool as well as a
powerful environment for computer composition.













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